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Τετάρτη 1 Ιουνίου 2022

The usefulness of high‐risk HPV early oncoprotein (E6 and E7) serological markers in the detection of cervical cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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ABSTRACT

Background

We reviewed the literature on the importance of selected anti-HR-HPV-antibodies (namely16/18 and early oncoproteins, E6 and E7) as potential serological markers for early detection of individuals at high risk of cervical cancer.

Methods

We searched for studies in PubMed and Embase databases published from 2010 to 2020 on antibodies against HR-HPV E6 and E7 early proteins and cervical cancer. Pooled sensitivity and specificity for HPV-16 and -18 antibodies were calculated using a bivariate hierarchical random effect model.

Results

A total of 69 articles were identified; we included 3 studies with 1,550 participants. For the three HPV-16/18 E6 and E7 antibody tests, ELISA based assays had a sensitivity of detecting CIN2+ of 18 % (95% CI:15-21) and specificity of 96% (95% CI:92-98), and for Slot Blot sensitivity was 28.9% (95% CI: 23.3-35.1) and specificity 72% (95% CI:66.6-77.0) of detecting CIN2+ and for Multiplex HPV serology assay ba sed on a glutathione S-transferase (GST) sensitivity was 16% (95% CI:8.45-28.6) and specificity 98% (95% CI:97-99) for detecting ICC.

Conclusion

HR-HPV16/18 E6 and E7 serological markers showed high specificity but sensitivity was suboptimal for the detection of cervical cancer in either population screening settings or as point–of–care screening tests.

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Nonsuicidal self‐injury and rumination: A meta‐analysis

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Abstract

Trait rumination is the tendency to overthink and focus on negative emotions and events and is related to a number of psychological disorders and maladaptive behaviors including nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). The purpose of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the relationship between trait rumination and NSSI behaviors. Results from 60 samples showed small effect sizes between trait rumination and NSSI engagement, NSSI frequency, and the number of methods used to self-injure in cross-sectional samples. Results from 13 samples showed small effect sizes between trait rumination and NSSI engagement and NSSI frequency in longitudinal samples. Moderator analyses indicated that this relationship is similar whether the type of rumination is depressive or not and is generally consistent across different ages, genders, and ethnicities. These results help clarify the role of trait rumination as a risk factor for NSSI.

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Symptom‐based remote assessment in post treatment head and neck cancer surveillance: a prospective national study

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Abstract

Objectives

To report the incidence of locoregional recurrence in HNC patients under surveillance following treatment undergoing symptom-based remote assessment.

Design

A 16-week multicentre prospective cohort study.

Setting

UK ENT departments.

Participants

HNC patients under surveillance following treatment undergoing symptom-based telephone assessment.

Main outcome measures

Incidence of locoregional recurrent HNC after minimum 6-month follow-up.

Results

Data for 1,078 cases were submitted by 16 centres, with follow-up data completed in 98.9% (n=1,066).

Following telephone consultation, 83.7% of referrals had their face-to-face appointments deferred (n=897/1,072). New symptoms were reported by 11.6% (n=124/1072) at telephone assessment; 72.6% (n=90/124) of this group were called for urgent assessments, of whom 48.9% (n=44/90) came directly for imaging without preceding clinical review.

The sensitivity and specificity for new symptoms as an indicator of cancer recurrence were 35.3% and 89.4%, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 99.7% (p=0.002).

Locoregional cancer identification rates after a minimum of 6 months of further monitoring, when correlated with time since treatment, were: 6.0% (n=14/233) <1 year; 2.1% (n=16/747) between 1 and 5 years; and 4.3% (n=4/92) for those >5 years since treatment.

Conclusions

Telephone assessment, using patient-reported symptoms, to identify recurrent locoregional HNC was widely adopted during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. The majority of patients had no face-to-face reviews or investigations. New symptoms were significantly associated with the identification of locoregional recurrent cancers with a high specificity, but a low sensitivity may limit symptom assessment being used as the sole surveillance method.

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Comparison of Sinus Distribution between Nasal irrigation and Nasal spray Using Fluorescein‐labeled in patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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Abstract

Objective

This study aims to compare the potential sinus distribution between high-volume nasal irrigation and nasal spray in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients who have not undergone sinus surgery.

Design and Setting

A randomized clinical study was conducted at the Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Department, Ramathibodi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University.

Participants

Forty patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for CRS. Thirty-eight patients met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to receive nasal irrigation or nasal spray mixed with fluorescein sodium preoperatively.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was the mean difference in the staining score of fluorescein in all sinuses between the two groups.

Results

The total fluorescein staining score for all sinuses in the nasal irrigation group was significantly higher than the score from the nasal spray group, with a mean difference score of 2.90, 95%CI: 1.22-4.58, p-value 0.001. The most significantly affected sinuses were the maxillary and the anterior ethmoid sinuses, while the frontal and sphenoid sinuses had only minimal staining from both techniques.

Conclusion

Nasal irrigation is a potential route to deliver drugs into the sinus in unoperated CRS patients. However, it is not considered a superior method to nasal spray at the most challenging anatomical areas, i.e., the frontal and sphenoid sinuses.

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International variations in neuroblastoma incidence in children and adolescents

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The metacognitive model of rumination and depression in postpartum women

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Abstract

Objectives

The metacognitive model of rumination and depression (Papageorgiou & Wells, 2003, Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27, 261) postulates that beliefs that perseverative negative thinking, i.e. rumination, will help solve problems contributing to rumination. However, this activates negative beliefs about the uncontrollability and social consequences of ruminations, which exacerbate depression. The metacognitive model has been well-supported but with some inconsistencies in specific pathways. It has also not yet been tested for postpartum depression (PPD). Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relations between the metacognitive model of rumination and depression when applied to PPD symptoms and to compare it with the cognitive model of depression.

Design

This is a cross-sectional study.

Method

Postpartum mothers (N = 603) participated in an online study in their first postpartum year. They completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Postnatal Negative Thoughts Questionnaire (PNTQ), Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS), Positive Beliefs about Rumination Scale (PBRS) and Negative Beliefs about Rumination Scale (NBRS).

Results

A path analysis revealed that the model had an excellent fit to the data. Specifically, positive beliefs about rumination predicted engagement in rumination that, in turn, predicted PPD, both directly and indirectly, through negative beliefs about uncontrollability and the social consequences of rumination. A cognitive model with ruminations as a partial mediator between negative postpartum thoughts and PPD symptoms also had a good fit.

Conclusion

The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the cognitive and metacognitive mechanisms underlying postpartum depression, which might be similar to depression in general and have important implications for treatment strategies.

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A novel extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation strategy using a hybrid emergency room for patients with pulseless electrical activity

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Whether extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is indicated for patients with pulseless electrical activity (PEA) remains unclear. Pulmonary embolism with PEA is a good candidate for ECPR; however...
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Sanguinarine Represses the Growth and Metastasis of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Facilitating Ferroptosis

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Effect and Mechanism of the Lenvatinib@H-MnO2-FA Drug Delivery System in Targeting Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

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Mechanistic and biologically based models in epidemiology; a powerful underutilized tool

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Abstract
Mechanistic and biologically based mathematical models of chronic and behavioral disease processes aim to capture the main mechanistic or biological features of the disease development, and to connect these with epidemiological outcomes. These approaches have a long history in epidemiological research and are complementary to traditional epidemiological or statistical approaches to investigate the role of risk factor exposures on disease risk.In the article by Simonetto et al. (Am J Epidemiol. XXXX;XXX(XX):XXXX–XXXX)), the authors present a mechanistic, process-oriented, model to investigate the role of smoking, hypertension and dyslipidemia on the development of atherosclerotic lesions and their progression to myocardial infarction (MI). Their approach builds on and brings to cardiovascular disease the ideas and perspectives of earlier mechanistic and biologically based models for the epidemiology of cancer and other chronic diseases, providin g important insights into the mechanisms and epidemiology of smoking related MI.We argue that although mechanistic modeling approaches have demonstrated their value and place in epidemiology, they are highly underutilized. We call for efforts to grow mechanistic and biologically based modeling research, expertise and awareness in epidemiology, including the development of training and collaboration opportunities to attract more students and researchers from STEM areas into the epidemiology field.
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