Objectives Patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (eosCRSwNP) usually have more extensive sinus disease, severe symptoms, and poorer disease control compared with patients with non-eosCRSwNP. Separating these entities will be crucial for patient management. The purpose of this study is to investigate T1, T2, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the nasal polyps in patients with CRSwNP and evaluate the usefulness of these parameters for differentiating these diseases. Methods Sinonasal magnetic resonance imaging was performed in 36 patients with eosCRSwNP and 20 patients with non-eosCRSwNP (including T1 mapping, T2 mapping, and diffusion-weighted imaging) before surgery. The T1, T2, and ADC values were calculated and correlated with pathologically assessed inflammatory cells of nasal polyps. Results Significant higher T2 value, higher eosinophil count, and lower lymphocyte count of the nasal polyps were observed in eosCRSwNP than those in non-eosCRSwNP. There was no significant difference in T1 or ADC values between the 2 groups. T2 value was correlated with eosinophil count and lymphocyte count in CRSwNP. The area under the curve of T2 value for predicting eosCRSwNP was 0.78 with 89.9% sensitivity and 60.0% specificity. Conclusion T2 value is a promising imaging biomarker for predicting eosCRSwNP. It can help to distinguish eosCRSwNP from non-eosCRSwNP.
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