Health Sciences

"PhysioLego:" Learning concepts, building, and applying physiology knowledge Hwee-Ming Cheng, See-Ziau Hoe BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences 2020 5(2):97-101 When we talk about conceptual learning, we also think about certain principles in physiology that recur in various organ systems in the body. These global underlying themes are like the Lego building blocks when we look at the mechanics of physiological processes. One main?” PhysioLego” concept of building brick is the relationship between membrane selective permeability and effective osmotic pressure. This is expressed in laboratory class demonstration by saying that the tonicity of a solution is dependent on not just the osmotic concentration but also importantly on the membrane penetrability of the solute in solution. The “PhysioLego” osmotic bricks and its construction to build an integrated understanding of physiology and pathophysiology will be described in this article.

The International Yoga Day, political discourse, and soft power game in India Janmejaya Samal BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences 2020 5(2):102-105 The International Day of Yoga is being celebrated every year on 21st June since 2015, throughout the globe. The United Nations (UN) General Assembly on December 11, 2014, declared that 21st June would be celebrated as the International Day of Yoga or World Yoga Day following lobbying by the Prime Minister of India, Mr Narendra Modi. One hundred and seventy countries around the globe supported the resolution which even did not require vote. Mr Narendra Modi, in his address to the UN in September 2014, stated that it is not about the exercises rather the way of discovering oneself. Furthermore, he stated that it is the longest day of the Northern Hemisphere and has special significance in many parts of the world. It is the day of summer solstice. It is now being celebrated beyond religion, region, and culture, however, it has been politicized since its first day of observation. It is neither an innocent event nor dissociated from politics and soft power game in India. Despite all these, many believe that it would live up to its lofty ideals and that these become its eternal legacy.

Evidence that does not lie - Implementation of raped victims and treatment algorithm within the oral surgery department: From ashes to truth Shubha Ranjan Dutta, Purnima Singh, Deepak Passi, Jwala Nepal, Kusal Kumar Das BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences 2020 5(2):106-113 Odontologists play a primary duty in the identification of individuals or missing persons in a scenario of a mass disaster, violent crime, child abuse, and elder abuse. When it comes to the identification of the victim or the suspect, their dental traits could turn out to a compelling proof and can help in slimming down the result of the investigating welfare work. Typically, it becomes necessary to use some least known and fewer widespread techniques in identification procedure such as lip prints, rugae patterns, and willing odontometrics can provide relatively valid conclusions referring to a person's identification. This review elucidates the importance of cheiloscopy, palatoscopy, and canine odontometry in a person's identification in relation to sex prediction and discrimination. This review article provides the newest information about the recent major advances and discoveries related to the classical and modern developed methods of dental identification that would enhance the knowledge and awareness among the professionals examining the youth victims of sex trafficking in urban and rural communities or identification of the rape or sexual abuse victims and the convicts, particularly in the Indian subcontinent when the rate of raped or sexually abused victims has risen. Various search engines such as Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Web of Science were explored for scientific articles (original clinical research findings, case reports, and review articles) in the present subject area. A manual search strategy was adopted to obtain relevant literature on human trafficking, sexual violence, dental identification, and forensic odontology. There were no fixed inclusion and exclusion criteria before and after the literature search. Thus, the articles and items reviewed in this article were picked based on their relevance to the present topic, and an attempt was made to understand the application of various available methods of dental identification all over the world and its applicability to the forensic odontologists in the Indian subcontinent. The dental professionals who operate on the potential victims of human trafficking in secondary care units usually lack data and confidence. Coaching is required significantly for the dental employees who are involved in the identification of the victims and answering their demands, along with creating safe referrals.

A systematic review on the effect of high.intensity training on heart rate variability in sports professionals and healthy young adults Shweta Shenoy, Prachi Khandekar BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences 2020 5(2):114-126 BACKGROUND: Exercise plays an essential role in managing cardiovascular disorders, and high-intensity training (HIT) exercise is a potential, time-effective alternative to traditional aerobic exercise. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of HIT program on the time and frequency domains of heart rate variability (HRV) in sports professionals and healthy young adults (18–30 years of age) through a systematic review. METHODS: Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), PubMed, ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis Online, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant studies. PEDro scale was used to assess internal validity, exclude risk bias, and assess the methodological quality of studies. RESULTS: A total of 4430 search results were obtained by searching for specific keywords, out of which, only 7 studies met the inclusion criteria after removing all the duplicate articles. Our results showed that HIT programs have significant effect on HRV (root mean square of successive difference [RMSSD], mean difference [MD] =13.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.73, 24.97), high-frequency (HF, MD = 381.7, 95% CI = 321.54, 441.86) power, and low- to high-frequency power (MD = -0.10, CI = -0.73, 0.53) ratio in young adult athletes and healthy young adults. No significant difference was found in other HRV variables. CONCLUSION: HIT is an effective exercise program that can cause improvement in parasympathetic and sympathetic cardiac modulation depending on the duration of the HIT program. HIT program can be given for 2–4 weeks to improve HRV in young adults.

Concept of cumulative dose in Ayurveda with special reference to metallic Bhasma Pravin Jawanjal, Bishwajyoti Patgiri, SS Savrikar BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences 2020 5(2):127-131 BACKGROUND: Metals and minerals are an integral part of Ayurvedic therapeutics. Many cases of metal toxicity caused by the administration of Ayurvedic drugs are being reported every now and then. It has been observed that in most of these reported cases, the Ayurvedic drugs were used in inappropriate dose and duration. In view of this observation, an attempt has been made in this article to bring forth the appropriate therapeutic and cumulative dose of metallic Bhasmas as described by Ayurvedic classics. The concept of the cumulative dose appears to be the most ignored part by Ayurvedic practitioners. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To search and find out the references of cumulative dose with special reference to metallic Bhasma and to explore the concept of cumulative dose in Ayurveda. METHODS: Ancient Ayurvedic classics and other available translations in various languages, published books, and other topic-related material available online were viewed and compiled references to elaborate on the concept of cumulative dose with special reference to metallic Bhasma. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The cumulative frequency method is used to determine the cumulative dose. RESULTS: Total 2 references found out of the one reference in Ayurved Prakasha and one in Sharangadhara Samhita with the commentary of adhamallas dipika. DISCUSSION: According to Sharangadhara Samhita, with the commentary of Adhamallas Dipika therapeutics dose of metallic Bhasma for Swarna 2 Yava (62.5 mg), whereas 1 Yava according to Ayurveda prakasha but the cumulative dose is same. CONCLUSION: As per Sharangadhara Samhita, with the commentary of Adhamallas metallic Bhasma can be used for 16 days and as per Ayurveda Prakasha 32 days. It needs to be determined in accordance with the status of Agni, Dosha, Desha, Kaala, Prakruti, and other factors.

Shelf-life evalution of Agastyharitaki Avaleha and its granule: A preliminary study Vasundhara Jaluthriya, Pravin Jawanjal, Prem Kumar Goud, BJ Patgiri, P Bedarkar BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences 2020 5(2):132-139 BACKGROUND: Shelf life is the indication of best before use duration, the importance of quality of package and storage condition is also emphasized in classics. Nowadays, due to the development and adaptation of packaging and storage technology by Ayurvedic industries, a need arise to restudy and re-establish the newer ones criteria. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: The aim and objectives of the study were to evaluate the shelf life of Agastyaharitaki Avaleha (AHA) and its granule prepared with Khanda Sharkara through accelerated stability study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Physicochemical parameters were measured at 40°C ± 2°C temperature and 75% ± 5% relative humidity. The analysis was repeated at intervals of 1, 3, and 6 months, and average 10% degradation of both the test drug samples was calculated and extrapolated to find the shelf life. RESULTS: Agastyaharitaki granule (AHG) prepared with Khanda Sharkara showed more extractive values and sugar contents and found to have a longer shelf life (5.28 years) than AHA?(1.57 years). AHG is comparatively more stable than AHA.

Impact of structured training of basic surgical skills in controlled environment for first.year postgraduate students of surgical specialties K Tejaswini Vallabha, Girish K Kullolli, Vikram Sindgikar, Basavaraj S Narasanagi, Deepak Chavan, Hemant Kumar, Dayanand Biradar, Ramakant Baloorkar BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences 2020 5(2):140-144 BACKGROUND: Appropriate training and obtaining adequate competency in basic surgical skills is very essential for a fresh postgraduate in surgical specialties to deliver effectively various responsibilities. Due to absence of any methodology to assess these skills before entry into the surgical residency program, anxiety and low confidence regarding the skills, there is delay in allotting graded responsibilities by the faculty and seniors. Hence a short structured training program to address these skills was planned and implemented. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty two trainees underwent this course in last five years. The training included very basic surgical skills demonstrated and hands on training in controlled environment of clinical skills laboratory. Secondary outcome was assessed for available forty three trainees. RESULTS: The immediate feedback suggested that the training was necessary, very useful and perception wise the trainees felt their competencies improved significantly from 60 -80%. They also opined that these facilities should be allowed to use regularly and all of them opined that they wish to be assessed after three months to assess internalization of skills obtained. Retention test was conducted for 43 available postgraduates in the form of OSCE .Their scores revealed good improvement in the skills by 60-80% suggesting the utility of the training and improvement in the competencies. CONCLUSION: Training of various basic surgical skills in a controlled environment improves competencies of fresh postgraduates, improves their confidence and reduces time for allotting graded responsibilities

Adherence to iron/folic acid supplementation and associated factors among pregnant women attending governmental health center in Yeka Sub City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Birhanu Tadesse Urgessa, Ziyad Ahmed Abdo BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences 2020 5(2):145-153 CONTEXT: Iron-folic acid deficiency is the leading nutritional deficiency globally, affecting the lives of >2 billion people, accounting over 30% of the world's population. Provision of iron-folic acid supplement to all pregnant women, is among the very critical interventions to reduce the burden of anemia. Even though the service is free in Ethiopia, the prevalence of anemia is slowly increased in the country. AIM: The aim is to assess adherence to iron-folic acid supplementation and associated factors among pregnant women attending governmental health center in Yeka sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from November 1 to 30, 2019. METHODOLOGY: An institutional-based quantitative cross-sectional study was used to conduct the study. Systematic sampling system was used to select 408 study populations. Data were collected through interview using structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were employed to identify the predictor variables. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05 with adjusted odds ratio (AOR) calculated at 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: A total of 408 pregnant women attending anti-natal care (ANC) were participated in this study, with response rate of 100%. The overall adherence rate was found to be 71.3%. Women whose family income >1500 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) (AOR [95% of CI]) = 3.77 (0.58–24.38)], having secondary or higher educational level (AOR [95% of CI]) = 1.48 (0.90–2.43), having history abortion (AOR [95% of CI] = 6.99 (1.11–44.19), starting ANC visit in first trimester (AOR [95% of CI] = 3.0 (0.24–37.18) were significantly associated with iron-folic acid supplementation. CONCLUSION: According to this study, adherence to iron-folic acid supplementation was relatively high. Empowering women in economy and education are very important. Proper counseling and health promotion about iron-folic acid supplementation, promoting the benefits of early and frequent ANC visit are very important to increase adhere to iron-folic acid supplementation.

Truncal growth pattern of Yogasana-practising children and adolescents Debjani Mandal, Uday Sankar Ray, Pratiti Ghosh BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences 2020 5(2):154-159 BACKGROUND: Truncal growth forms a robust skeletal frame which determines athletic execution. At present, yogasana practice is in high demand. AIM: Thus, the evaluation of effect of yogasana on growth pattern during childhood and adolescence (aged 4–15 years) is required. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on Bengalee children of similar socioeconomic status. Anthropometric measurements, namely height (stature), biacromial breadth, and bicristal breadth were analyzed from 864 yogasana-practitioners (YPs) and 738 untrained control participants (CPs), subgrouped into yogasana-practising boys (YBs), yogasana-practising girls (YGs), control boys (CBs), and control girls (CGs). Unpaired t-test was performed to assess the level of significance between the anthropometric parameters of different groups. Correlation of breadth ratio and stature with biacromial and bicristal breadth was determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: YP had significantly greater biacromial breadth (P < 0.05) and bicristal breadth (P < 0.05) than CP. The mean biacromial breadth decreased, especially in YG. The shoulder and pelvis size were significantly different between YB and CB but not so among females. Growth in breadth ratio was also strongly correlated with bicristal breadth growth. CONCLUSION: Medium-sized shoulder and pelvis in YB and medium-sized shoulder relative to narrow-sized pelvis in YG nullifies the effect of yogasana training on specific bodily growth of YP. Hence, in contrast with high-demand sports, yogasana practice is not reflected on truncal growth.

Chemical cautery versus anterior inferior turbinectomy: Which is the better modality of treatment in nasal allergy? KS Gangadhara Somayaji, Tom Koshy Jones, S Saimanohar BLDE University Journal of Health Sciences 2020 5(2):160-164 INTRODUCTION: Nasal allergy is one of the most common forms of allergy seen in practice. Although medical treatment is the most commonly accepted modality of treatment, surgery also has a role. This study was aimed at the assessment of nasal symptoms and mucociliary clearance in patients with nasal allergy, before and following chemical cautery with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in one group and anterior–inferior turbinectomy in another group and to study advantages and disadvantages of each procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled clinical trial conducted at a tertiary care hospital on a sample of fifty patients with a history of allergic rhinitis without a satisfactory response to medical line of treatment. Preoperative nasal airflow was assessed both subjectively and objectively using the nasal symptom score and the mucociliary clearance, respectively. One group was subjected to undergo anterior–inferior turbinectomy and the other group chemical cautery with 50% TCA. Postoperative nasal airflow was also assessed by similar methods after a duration of 1 month. RESULTS: All the patients had significant relief from their symptoms at the end of 1 month postprocedure, irrespective of the procedure done. However, patients who underwent anterior–inferior turbinectomy had more symptomatic relief compared to the other group. DISCUSSION: Debulking the inferior turbinate either with surgery or with cautery relives the nasal obstruction in patients with allergic rhinitis. The other symptoms of nasal allergy are also found to be less severe in these cases. CONCLUSION: Surgical line of treatment can be used as an effective intervention to satisfactorily alleviate patient's allergic symptoms. Anterior–inferior turbinectomy is preferred for the longer symptom-free life of the patients.

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