Fermented camel milk by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris attenuates erythrocytes oxidative stress-induced hematological and immunological damage in CCl 4 -intoxicated mice

Abstract

Fermented camel by Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris has been recently discovered to protect against the toxic effect of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄), but its beneficial effects in the presence of oxidative stress in the erythrocytes have not been established. In the present study, 28 mice were randomly divided into four groups: control group; CCl₄ group: intoxicated by a single intraperitoneal injection (ip) of CCl₄; group FCM-LLC + CCl₄: pretreated with FCM-LLC daily during 14 days, and received a single dose of CCl₄. FCM-LLC group received FCM-LLC alone. The occurrence of oxidative stress in erythrocytes was evidenced by an increase in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl, and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and non-enzymatic antioxidant. The oxidative injury induced by CCl₄ in the erythrocytes was confirmed by modifications in hematological parameters and decreases in protein, albumin, and globulin content in the serum of intoxicated mice. Therefore, CCl₄ caused a significant decrease in immunotoxic indices, including immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (Ig M), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels, and an increase of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Meanwhile, FCM-LLC effectively restored the parameters cited above to near-normal values. It can be suggested that fermented camel milk could regulate deviant physiological effects induced by CCl₄ which is due to its powerful antioxidant and immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory capacity.