Cutaneous Refractile Foreign Body Microemboli with Intravascular Injection of Oral Medication

Abstract

Injection drug abuse (IDA) is known to cause a spectrum of systemic and cutaneous complications. Despite the increasing incidence of IDA around the world, there is a paucity of literature discussing cutaneous complications from a dermatopathologic perspective. We present a case of a 35-year-old male with a complex medical history of Von Willebrand disease, Behcet's disease and diverticular disease. Following a sigmoidectomy/colostomy for diverticular perforation, he presented with fever and an indurated right arm displaying livedoid purpura. The right distal fingertips showed purpura with focal ulceration. A punch biopsy of the right wrist did not show evidence of inflammatory vasculitis or pyogenic infection, but instead demonstrated a focus of polarizing, refractile material occluding a dilated arterial lumen within the mid-dermis. The patient admitted to injecting a suspension of crushed ondansetron (Zofran) tablets into the antecubital area to control post-operative nausea. It is known that direct intravascular injection of foreign material can cause distal ischemia and necrosis, either by local vasoconstriction, thrombosis, or formation of microemboli, as in this patient. Our objective is to bring awareness to this rarely reported phenomenon, and to raise clinical suspicion for IDA when confronted with such a unique vasculopathic pattern.