Trends in Medicare spending on topical immunomodulators and chemotherapies

To the Editor: Actinic keratoses (AKs) and in situ/superficial carcinomas are common and costly dermatologic conditions that account for ≥5.2 million visits and $920 million in annual spending.1,2 Topical therapies are often used as field therapy for these conditions. In this study, we evaluate recent national trends in topical therapy use and costs for precancerous and in situ/superficial carcinomas in the Medicare population.